Pearls, often referred to as the "queen of gems," is a highly valued gemstone renowned for its lustrous beauty and timeless elegance. Unlike other gemstones, pearls are unique as they are the only gems created by living organisms, specifically mollusks such as oysters and mussels. Their formation is a natural process that begins when an irritant, like a grain of sand or a parasite, enters the mollusk. In response, the mollusk secretes layers of nacre—a combination of calcium carbonate and conchiolin—around the irritant, eventually forming a pearl. The allure of pearls lies in their iridescent luster, which is a result of the light reflecting off the layers of nacre. This iridescence, also known as "orient," gives pearls their captivating glow and varies depending on the thickness and quality of the nacre layers. Pearls can be found in various shapes, sizes, and colors, ranging from the classic white and cream to more exotic shades like black, blue, green, and even pink. Pearls are also categorized into natural and cultured types. Natural pearls are rare and formed without human intervention, making them highly prized and often expensive. On the other hand, cultured pearls are farmed and cultivated through human intervention, where the irritant is deliberately introduced into the mollusk. Cultured pearls have become more common in the market due to their accessibility and affordability, yet they still maintain the same aesthetic qualities as natural pearls. Symbolically, pearls are associated with purity, wisdom, and serenity. They have been cherished throughout history, used in jewelry, adornments, and as a symbol of status and wealth. Today, pearls continue to be a favored choice for bridal jewelry, heirloom pieces, and fashion accessories, embodying grace and sophistication.